While scientists have identified many types of neurons, how this complexity arises during the brain’s development is a central question for developmental neurobiology and regenerative medicine. This complexity allows the brain to perform its many functions, from controlling speech and vision to storing memories and generating emotions. These nerve cells differ in their form, function, and connectivity with other neurons to form neural networks. The human brain is composed of 80 billion neurons. The findings, published in Nature, open new avenues of research to understand how brain development evolved in different animals and hold clues for regenerative medicine. Researchers have identified the complete series of 10 factors that regulate the development of brain cell types in the visual system of fruit flies-including in what order these neurons develop.
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